Misbehaving

Almost six years ago, I wrote about my interest in the behavioral sciences, especially behavioral economics and finance.  I further mentioned books I'd read on the topic, notably a book titled Thinking, Fast and Slow by Nobel prize winner Daniel Kahneman.

Since then, I've read many other books related to behavior, including three by former poker player Annie Duke (Thinking In Bets, How To Decide, and Quit), and another by a journalist who became a poker player for a year, Maria Konnikova (The Biggest Bluff).  On the more data driven / less fuzzy side were books by Robert Cialdini (Influence) and another co-authored by Kahneman (Noise).

Now I've just finished a book on this topic that I've enjoyed probably only less than Thinking, Fast and Slow.  It's not a particularly new book (2015) by another Nobel prize winner, Richard Thaler, titled Misbehaving.

Thaler was an early collaborator with Kahneman and his longtime research partner, Amos Tversky.  Misbehaving reviews the early, largely ignored stages of behavioral science, and how it eventually grew to become accepted by all but the most hardcore intellectuals.  

Thaler is more widely known now for a later book he co-authored with Cass Sunstein, called Nudge.  While I also enjoyed reading Nudge (to the point I gifted it to clients), Misbehaving provides many more examples of how people will respond differently to a given set of facts, depending on how those facts are phrased.  This was a prime writing / teaching method of Thinking, Fast and Slow.

Here's one example:

600 people are sick from a disease, and a choice has to be made between two policies:

Would you rather take

A) policy will save 200 people for sure

B) policy will offer a 1/3 chance at saving everyone, but a 2/3 chance of killing everyone

Alternatively, would you rather take

C) policy where 400 people will die for sure

D) policy where there's a 1/3 chance of killing no one but a 2/3 chance of killing everyone

Logic demands that we take either A and C, or B and D, because they are effectively the same thing. But in group tests of this, we don't always do that, because we are not always rational beings.  We also care about things like what seems right, instead of just the logical.

The book reviews the decades-long conflict between the data-only 'econs' and the non-conforming behaviorist 'humans'.  Knowing about this conflict, and the sometimes illogical 'misbehavior' that humans follow, can be a very important advantage to those in a particular field.

Misbehaving has a large section on how this applies within the investing world, so if you're interested in that sort of thing (like me), read it!  Or as I said six years ago, don't read it, and I'll use it to my advantage.

Berky Meeting Nuggets 2023

This year's Berkshire Hathaway annual shareholders meeting in Omaha, was very similar in structure to last year, when the event returned in-person post-pandemic.  A crowd said to approach 40,000, including corporate celebrities like Bill Gates and Tim Cook, gathered to listen to Warren Buffett (age 92) and Charlie Munger (age 99) answer questions again for about five hours.  Vice-Chairs Greg Abel (future CEO) and Ajit Jain were also on stage to answer questions in the morning session.

A summary of some items that stuck with me:

• While the 2022 crowd seemed smaller, perhaps due to people getting used to streaming the meeting post-pandemic, the 2023 was as large as I've ever seen it.

• Early on, when discussing the quarterly results that had been released that morning, Buffett showed a chart showing that over the past 5-10 years, Berky has held about $125 billion in short-term U.S. Treasury bills (cash).  Until last year paid at little as 0.04% interest, generating about $50 million a year.  Due to last year's interest rate increases, that same amount of cash this year is projected to generate about $5 billion a year!

• Buffett noted the recent regional bank failures, and said that while the law says the FDIC insurance limit is $250,000 for accounts, that isn’t how America is going to behave in a banking crisis.  If the contagion would be too great, the federal government would bail them out.  So as a practical matter, there is no FDIC insurance limit for depositors, especially in larger banks.

• Jain took a few insurance operations questions, and mentioned how GEICO is doing better, but still has a long way to go to catch up to Progressive in telematics technology.  Abel took a few utility and railroad questions, and is clearly ready to become the next CEO.  In fact, the company movie included videos from prior meetings where the question about succession was asked -- a question no longer asked.

• Both Buffett and Munger saw the enormous potential in artificial intelligence, but didn’t see it ultimately replacing human intelligence.

• Buffett quote of the day:  "What gives you opportunities is other people doing dumb things."

• Just before the lunch break, some too-smart-by-half dude quoted Munger from prior meetings / interviews to question whether he still believed it was 'stupid' and 'ignorant' for people to not get the "untested mRNA" COVID vaccine.  He simply replied, "Yeah, sure."

• Munger had lots of other memorable quotes as usual, but it was his term 'diworsification' that most won't remember.  He used it to refer to those who preach investing 'diversification' at all costs.  Munger and Buffett have long stated that if you only have a few good ideas, you should concentrate on those instead of hedging your bets on a bunch of other things that aren't as good.

As usual, there was so much more.  Here's a link to this meeting and others.